After having defined what the aim of sophiology is, and which are his basic principles, it’s time to continue with the exposition of the laws of sophiology. Let us begin with:

THE LAW OF SPECIALIZATION (THE SPECIALIZATION LAW) - EVERY CAP IS THE RESULT OF, AND IS SUBMITTED TO, A WIDE PROCESS OF STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL SPECIALIZATION.
I should explain from the very beginning what I understand by “a CAP is being submitted “to a process of structural and functional specialization. I have in mind the fact that the birth itself of a CAP is determined by the action of this law, a CAP being always the result of a specialization (in biology, we call this adaptation).
Science proves that specialization occurs even when a function of adaptation does not effectively exist (it would be absurd to state that the chemical element niobium has appeared by means of adaptation). In fact, adaptation is the way under which specialization occurs in the field of biology and ecology. This way of thinking proves us that the concept of “specialization” is much wider than that of “adaptation”.
Let us see now another concept, with a strong biological connotation, but widely used in all fields of knowledge - the concept of function. Due to the lack of consistency that is generally characteristic to the human intellect, this concept has such an eclectic use, that it is impossible to define a precise content. Under the current vision of SOPHIOLOGY, what we usually call functions are in fact various sided of the specialization that undergoes every FAC.
I once had with a distinguished scientist a very flammable debate of the kind “what came first, the egg or the hen?” For my opposant diversity gives birth to specialization, by “the survival of the fittest” among the random out springs of evolution, while I was very convinced - and I still am - that specialization gives birth to the astounding picture of the diversity of CAPs.

THE LAW OF OPTIMALITY (THE OPTIMALITY LAW) - THE EXISTENCE OF A CAP IS POSSIBLE ONLY BETWEEN CERTAIN LIMITS OF INTENSITY OF THE SUBSTANTIAL, ENERGETIC AND INFORMATIONAL FLOWS.
Or, in other words: THE FUNCTIONING OF A CAP IS OPTIMAL AT THE OPTIMUM LEVEL OF THE USEFUL INPUTS.
I must point out from the very beginning that this law is a very strong teasing of the human voluntarism. Lead by his untamed greed, man imagines his activities flowing linearly, continuously growing from “minimum” to “maximum”.
To man, such a vision legitimized the unbordered robbery that man practiced in the planetary ecosphere (as Lord Cecil Rhodes put it: “If possible, I’d go crunch the stars”). All the distress signals sent by dreamers as Meadows, Mihailovic, Pestel, Commoner or Tazieff are in fact vague intuitions about the fact that “this cannot continue this way”.
What’s the reason for this? Every CAP is submitted to the OPTIMALITY LAW, that teaches us that the evolution of every CAP takes place between a minimum level of the useful input (which ensures the basic survival of the CAP), an optimum level (where the ratio useful input/useful outcome is maximum) and a pessimum level (where the excessive volume of the inputs, previously useful, can cause the diminution of the performance, even the dissolution of the CAP).
If you desire an exemplification to this law, I am able to offer you a very simple one. Place yourself between two 500-Watts acoustic boxes. Turn the music on. Very soon after passing the minimum level (that of the audible sounds) you reach the optimum level (where you heave a maximum of pleasant physiological and emotional sensations). But try to stay safe between the two sound boxes working at maximum power, and you’ll be soon knocked down (Jimmy Hendrix tried this, and the pessimum level caused his death).

THE LAW OF MINIMALITY (THE MINIMALITY LAW) - THE DEVELOPEMENT OF A CAP IS CONDITIONED BY THE ELEMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT THAT IS AVAILABLE IN THE SMALLEST QUANTITY.
This is one of the more transparent laws of sophiology. Imagine the lack of water in the desert, the lack of heat at poles, the lack of light in oceanic abyss. Think about vitamin C, available in our organism in micrograms - but if our organism lacks this vitamin, we can die from scorbut.
The minimality law acts all around us - we meet it at every step, and we must admit that most of our lives is a continuous struggle against all kind of minimalities, related to food, shelter, comfort, money, public recognition, love...

THE LAW OF DECREASIBILITY (THE DEGRESIVITY LAW) - THE FAVORABLE ACTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ON A CAP IS DIMINISHING PROPORTIONALLY TO THE MAJORATIONS OF THE INPUTS TO THE SYSTEM.
Or, in other words, THE INCREASE OF THE BENEFITAL INPUTS BEYOND A CERTAIN LIMIT BRINGS A PROPORTIONAL DECREASE OF THE PERFORMANCE OF THE CAP.
It is obvious that every CAP follows a Gauss-like development curve (the well-known “Gauss’ bell”). Every CAP has a well-determined point, above which the increase in the useful inflows is associated with a proportional decrease of the functional performances. This truth was well put into light by sectorial sciences like biology or ecology that studied in detail the way the increase of the concentration of the useful substances in the environment leads to a gradual decrease of the performances of a living structure, culminating with its death.
Have you ever had a business? If not, be happy! You haven’t had to fight against the degresivity law. This law is the sharpest limitation to the untamed greeds that every healthy entrepreneur bears in his heart. These greeds push every business owner to want more and more, to push farther and farther the limits to which he wants to develop his business (and his earnings, how else?). But, like any other poor mortal being, the businessman is not at all aware that an increased investment does not bring a proportional increase in the outcome. The only thing he is able to find out is that his business is less and lesser effective, till the final moment when a crisis - in most of the cases, determined by the action of a minimal factor - causes the collapse of the entire thing.
What should do an advised businessman? Nothing more than learn to gain advantage from the fact that, for the first time in his lifetime, he becomes aware of the fact the degresivity law exists. This way, he’ll be always able to determine the correct dimension of his business, and stop its development before the degresivity begins.

THE LAW OF THE LIMITATION OF THE GLOBAL PERFORMANCE (GLOBAL PERFORMANCE LIMITATION LAW) - IN EVERY MOMENT OF THEIR EXISTENCE CAPs ARE SUBMITTED TO MOMENTARY AND GLOBAL LIMITATION OF THEIR PERFORMANCE.
When we talk about momentary limitations, examples are almost useless: we could never run, jump, work or love above our limits. The first thing you’ll tell me is that, in certain situations, we achieve more that we imagine being able to do. Isn’t this an appeal to the limitation law?
Not at all! On the contrary, this fact is a sharp confirmation of the global performance limitation law.
Think about humans or animals that are continuously submitted to stress, physical or emotional. Their behavior shows a permanent alteration of their equilibrium, they fail to reproduce and eventually die. It is like every CAP had in the moment of its birth a certain ”energy capital” (ancient scientists called it “vital energy”) that cannot be increased during the time of their existence.
We could be tempted to state that sportsmen can avoid the global performance limitation law, but this is absolutely untrue. First of all, sportsmen are already individuals with an extraordinary capital of energy that they turn at their profit -and intensely use- while practicising sports. Secondly, sportsmen are intensely doped with large amounts of food that provide massive extra incomes of energy, far above the optimum level of functioning of their organism (you must admit that sophiology is really a very clever science!). What’s the final result? Premature wear off of the organism and premature death.

That’s the way the laws of sophiology work. As they are natural, objective laws, no CAP can avoid the action of these laws. But a very important discussion is to be carried out: IT’S ABOUT THE WAY THE HUMAN BEING AND HUMAN SPECIES ARE ABLE TO INTERFERE WITH THE ACTION OF THE LAWS OF SOPHIOLOGY, AMPLIFYING OR DECREASING THE RESULTS. Take for example one of the most striking issues, the environmental pollution: it is now obvious for me that the environmental pollution occurs because of the fact that humankind is able to alter the action of the natural laws. Worse, not being aware of the existence of these laws obstructed any true scientific view on the issue. All we were able previously to do was to shout loud: look how bad it is! we must change! we must stop! But you are perhaps anxious to find out what gives humankind the power to pollute without being yet penalized by Mother Nature: you’ll find an extremely surprising answer in the last section of my exposition.